Organisational Learning

In the event that there are pictures in this connection, they won't be shown. Download the first connection 1. Acquaintance In request with make due in the quick changing business condition the associations need to gain information and advance quick enough. This dynamic, complex and all inclusive serious nature of the business requires learning associations. President of British Petroleum Company John Browne (1995) says â€Å"Learning is at the core of a company’s capacity to adjust to quickly evolving condition. †(p. 148)â Many methodologies are being verbalized to assemble learning associations. In this work, three articles which depict recommendations to fabricate a learning association are being checked on, basically investigated, and thought about and contract. 2. The Literature Search Key words: Organizational learning, hierarchical turns of events, the board learning, constant learning. Sources: Harvard Business School Review, Emerald diaries 3. Survey of the articles Article 1: â€Å"Building A Learning Organisation† by David A Garvin In the article Garvin has referenced about the three predicaments which are fundamental for prospering the execution of the changing the associations into learning association: Meaning, Management and Measuring. Another way to deal with learning association is being gotten tied up with the investigation. †A learning association is an association gifted at making, securing, and moving information, and at adjusting its conduct to reflect new information and insights† (p. 3) To incorporate an association with a learning association Garvin suggests five structure squares: Solving issues methodicallly, Experimenting with new ways to deal with work, and Learning from past experience, Learning from different organizations and from clients, Transferring information all through association. Actualizing these exercises helps the associations ensure proceeds with upgrades. In the later piece of the article the means for  estimating the learning are depicted. The article adviceâ Half life bends, polls and overviews on social changes complete learning review to quantify the learning as opposed to utilizing customary strategies like learning and experience bends which center just around , cost or cost. The article set forward a slight move in center, away from ceaseless improvement and toward a guarantee to learning. Article 2: â€Å"The Fifth Discipline† By Peter M Senge This article exhibits how to make a foundation, where the representatives are bolstered to adapt altogether and independently. Senge says so as to withstand the contenders and to exceed expectations in the field or market, the associations need to guarantee two conditions: The capacity to plan the association to coordinate with the ideal outcome or result, capacity to perceive any deviation from the ideal result and to take it back to the correct track by attempted the essential activities and steps. He portrays five controls which makes learning associations The System thinking, Personal authority, Mental models, Shared vision and Team learning. The System believing is considered as the fifth control, Senge portrays it as the ‘cornerstone’ which underlies different orders. The five controls must be scholarly by the people in the association and put into the business exercises. As indicated by Senge associations that are fit for gaining from their encounters show improvement over those associations that basically embrace to their surroundings. They exploit quickly evolving conditions. Their systems are adequately open finished to take into account the surprising so their abilities of hierarchical learning can manage outer quickly changing circumstances Article3: â€Å"Building and continuing a learning organisation† By Richard Teare and Richard Dealtryâ This publication record disks how to manufacture a learning foundation and the suggestion for Learning associations. It portrays on the experience and perceptions of individuals the associations which run learning programs at their work places. It banters on four topics: Modeling the learning procedure in associations, authoritative preparation, Team working and learning and arranged learning . These subjects are identified with the arrangement for hierarchical learning and authoritative learning restoration. It guarantees that powerful learning is relies upon the earth for learning and the endeavors of authoritative pioneers and chiefs in making, feeding and empowering the appropriate conditions for figuring out how to happen. 4. Basic Appraisal Article 1: The progression of text is anything but difficult to peruse and it is liberated from specialized phrasing. The models cited in this article originate from both bigger and littler associations. The models are, intriguing, and liberally sprinkled all through the article. The article incorporates instances of both effective and bombed endeavors, gives a thought regarding how amendments can be made when an underlying endeavor doesn't work. Garvin has adopt on an auxiliary strategy. His theory gives the rules for ongoing applications and it is stacked with operational counsel as opposed to high targets. Be that as it may, basic enhancements are just in the same class as the excitement for learning, so there are restrictions to this hypothesis too. Article2: It is significant that an outfit could be created from the five controls proposed by Senge . Anyway it is a test since it is a lot of hard to fuse new devices than just apply them independently. Anyway the settlements are huge. Senge neglects to guarantee any hypothetical or observational proof to help his cases. This article is greater at observations than at the arrangement of practical strides for administrators. The associations which think about benefit as the reality, a fundamental worry with the way of life and improvement of representatives and partners is excessively ridiculous. There is an issue of about the utilizations of the frameworks hypothesis. Despite the fact that he sets up assortment of more extensive thanks and center to his theory, it isn't completely set in a political or good structure. Article3: It shows a deliberate way to deal with learning associations, beginning from the hierarchical goals, diagnosing the need and openings, learning associations backing and progress survey. It exploits perspectives and encounters of the two constant associations to depict the continuous circumstances in building the association. It gives a concise audit on the diverse idea and the real factors about structure a learning situation. It is notable that the idea of building learning association is been explained by various researchers and has a difference. This article looks for help from different sources and researchers which is probably going to make them repudiate contentions in the article. 5. Correlation of articles Article1 is the hypothetical way to deal with construct learning associations and in article2 Garvin remodel this into the real world. In article1 Garvin takes a gander at overseeing conduct and execution which is an outer view while in article2 Senge takes a gander at the psychological models that decide conduct which is an interior view. Article 1, 2 &3 differ about what conditions advance the making of learning associations. Each rundown various components that speak to or advance learning. Notwithstanding, they approach the learning associations with a regulating or prescriptive direction. Giving an upgraded understanding is a key issue in learning associations. Article1 claims mental model and framework thinking will encourage this upgraded understanding. On account of article2, it is precise critical thinking, experimentation and gaining from past encounters. Mental models, Team learning and framework thinking disciplines are recommended by Senge(article2) so as to obtain information . Considering Garvin(article1)â information securing isâ done through learningâ from the others and learning fromâ the past encounters. So as to channel the obtained information Garvin actualizes efficient critical thinking and trials, and Senge suggests request and discourse which are examined in the control group learning. Neither article1 nor article2 expressly referenced the need to unfreeze association before significant enhancements can be accomplished. While article3 talk about unfreezing hierarchical perspective and maintaining a strategic distance from dynamic that is slanted to either outrageous. Under some situation the Organizational principles have become as a difficulty for the associations which favor advancement. Article3 utilizes a similar idea to beat this issue. Article2 says the pioneers of a learning association â€Å"are creators, stewards, and educators. They are liable for building associations where individuals constantly grow their capacities to get multifaceted nature, explain vision, and improve shared mental models †that is, they are answerable for learning. † Article3 has the comparative way to deal with administration. It seen that article3 has followed a few impacts of Senge’s (article2) proposals during the time spent structure a learning association. 6. Determination Learning associations make a culture which support and empower persistent learning by its workers. Crucial reasoning and satisfactory hazard taking new thoughts. The idea of the learning association has increased expanding consideration in the administration writing. For a very prolonged stretch of time the authoritative scholars have learned about the subject under the conversation and their decent variety sees infer there is an impressive contradiction. In this work, such of three articles which depict proposals to fabricate a learning association are being inspected, fundamentally broke down, and analyzed and contract. To finish up, despite the fact that there are contradiction in regards to the subject essential establishments, for example, information obtaining, further understanding and improved execution are broadly

Economics Paper Essay Example for Free

Financial aspects Paper Essay 1: Define the term ‘equilibrium price’: The cost at which amount requested by shoppers and the amount of products and enterprises provided by firms is the equivalent. 3: With the assistance of a fitting outline and the data in separate B, clarify why the world cost of sugar changed in 2009: The cost of sugar rose to $0.40 per kilo in 2009 this is appeared in the concentrate as it expresses that in 2009 costs in New York and London rose by 52% to its most noteworthy in just about three years. The graph underneath shows how the internal move of flexibly brought about by poor yield harvests and India’s %40 fall in yield of sugar influenced the cost of sugar because of its shortage, prompting the %52 ascend in cost of sugar. Another factor that could have affected the cost of sugar would have been in 2008 there were poor yield reaps that year †this prompted a low degree of flexibly in 2008 which raised the cost of sugar because of its shortage. This poor reap would have had something to do with the land quality â€this may have influenced the gather in 2009. Flexibly requirements likewise had an impact, as due overwhelming precipitation the Columbian yield was harmed †the downpour additionally washed away a portion of the streets used to move the items from the field to the market. So whatever crop the ranchers figured out how to spare from the downpour was then kept from arriving at advertise, this would have added to the value ascend in a manner like the chart above. India is a principle maker of sugar, to such an extent that its sugar yield is a basic factor in deciding the world cost of sugar. India’s yield was gauge to fall by %40 so just 15million huge amounts of sugar would have been delivered in the developing season †this is well underneath India’s sugar utilization of 23million tons a year. This would imply that India wouldn’t be slanted to trade quite a bit of its sugar as there’s effectively a shortfall of flexibly in its own nation. Despite the fact that, with this huge fall in flexibly there’ll probably be an ascent in sugar cost in India †the individuals may not be willing or ready to follow through on the new cost so whatever measure of sugar is extra could be sent out, at a value which would prompt the %52 ascend in London and New York sugar costs.

Consumer Behavior Essay

Today’s client is habituated with the business advancement exercises. So without such exercises it has gotten hard for organizations to accomplish their objective. The term deals advancement alludes to numerous sort of selling motivators and strategies proposed to item quick and transient deals impact average deals advancement remember tests for pack premiums values pack discount and refunds deal advancement can be apply to across to expansive range i.e from biting gum to family unit and vehicle The other characterizing qualities of offer advancement are its present moment or prompt. For the current paper the specialists considers the family unit shopper for their essential study as the items that they have taken into think about go under the FMCG. Significant players of FMCG industry were: Top 20 FMCG Companies in India 1. Hindustan Unilever Ltd. 2. ITC (Indian Tobacco Company) 3. Nestlã © India 4. GCMMF (AMUL) 5. Dabur India Ltd 6. Asian Paints (India) 7. Cadbury India 8. Britannia Industries Ltd. 9. Procter and Gamble Hygiene and Health Care 10. Marico Industries Ltd. 11. Colgate-Palmolive (India) Ltd. 12. Gillette India Ltd. 13. Godfrey Phillips 14. Henkel Spic 15. Johnson and Johnson 16. Modi Revlon 17. Wipro 18. Nirma Ltd 19. Amul India 20. Godrej Consumer Products Ltd Writing Review The Indian FMCG industry is packed with various national territorial and nearby players. To win the purchaser heart and hold the piece of the pie the opposition among the different players. The significant organizations governing the Indian market in the class of FMCG things is HUL Amul, Nirma and a lot progressively Every day the Indian buyer who stare at the TV and tune in to the radio are tossed before a gigantic messes of TV advertisements and plugs by these firm with a similar expectation and basic motivation behind persuading the client that items is the best since India is where profiles of the likewise fluctuate fundamentally with age demography salary level and so on so as to oblige need And request of the distinctive client India numerous business advancement plans are profoundly effective as the market is the value touchy just as exceptionally serious even contrast in not many paisa can incite the client to change to various brand the idea of brand dedication a brand conne ction takes a rearward sitting arrangement in this circumstance. At the point when the buyer feel that there are getting a bonus, yet at a similar cost, they wouldn't fret changing from one brand to other. Anyway even today there exist a class of client who despite everything think about quality and brand as the integral factor however their number is similarly less larger part of shopper in India, till date believe cost to be the most significant and main factors in the acquisition of FMCG merchandise Kumar And Das (2009) in their article â€Å"Impact Of Sales Promotion On Buyer Behavior-An Empirical investigation Of Indian Retail Customers â€Å"opined that today’s client can incredibly impact the producer of the advertiser with respect to the size, quality, control of the item, value, post deals administration, etc†¦. in the current investigation the creator endeavored to discover the effect of deals advancement on customer purchasing conduct. Research Gap The investigation features customer conduct and buy choices made during different deal advancement plots subsequent to review promotion and dissects the impact of different advertising strategies utilized by various organizations. It additionally explores territory like consistency of offer advancement plans and accessibility of plans alongside the items to break down their effect on the brains of the customer. The investigation would end up being useful for the organization in choosing plans that pull in shopper, their purchasing behaviors, timeframe of the plans accessibility by deal advancement, notice and other movement. Research Objectives The goal of the examination are: 1) To investigate impact of offer advancement and notice on the purchaser purchasing conduct and buy choice of FMCG item. 2) To examine connection between deal advancement and customer purchasing conduct. 3) Consumer conduct when they FMCG item. Research Model Theory H0 :- Sale advancement of FMCG Product isn't impact on Consumer Buying Behavior. H1 :- Sale advancement of FMCG Product impact on Consumer Buying Behavior. Research Design An exploration configuration determines that strategy and methods for directing a specific report. The analyst ought to indicate the methodology be means to use concerning the proposed investigation, comprehensively research can be gathered in to three classes. 1. Exploratory Research Design 2. Illustrative Research Design 3. Easygoing Research Design 1.Exploratory Research Design An exploratory research configuration centers around the disclosure of thoughts and is commonly founded on optional information. 2. Illustrative Research Design An illustrative report is embraced when the specialist need to know the attributes of certain gathering, for example, age, sex, pay, training level and so forth. 3. Easygoing Study An easygoing specialist is under taken when the scientist is intrigued knowing a circumstances and logical results connection between at least two factors. As pre my target to know impact of Sale advancement on customer purchasing conduct there are important to know their qualities so we make research to choose Descriptive Research Design. Wellspring of Data (1) Primary Data:- The essential information are those information which are gathered once again and just because, and in this way happened to be unique. For this examination the essential information are gathered. (2) Secondary Data:- The auxiliary information are those information which have just been gathered by another person and which have just gone through factual procedure. Here we consider essential information dude look into Research Instrument Research instruments is the device by which the specialist can do look into on explicit issues or goal. The most well known research instruments for assortments information is â€Å"Questionnaire† for a specific examination. It is basic for a moiled set of inquiries introduced to respondents for their answers. Because of this adaptability, it is most normal instrument used to gather the essential information. During the pre-testing of poll, we seen the response of respondents and recommendations required to make change in look into instrument. Research instrument is the methods by which we can watch the market station. In over undertaking theme is Effect on Sale advancement on purchaser purchasing conduct. So data of shopper purchasing conduct is taken by setting up the hard print of examiner for the assortment essential information. Testing Plan Testing outline Examining size It alludes to the inquiry â€Å"How numerous individuals ought to be surveyed?† Inspecting Unit It implies â€Å"Who is to be surveyed†. Here objective populace is chosen and it is who are intrigued to Purchase FMCG Product. Here we take test unit as an Individual. Testing Method Strategy for picking the delegate respondents call for in this stage, i.e., in what manner should the respondents is picked? The testing strategy shows how the example units are to be chosen. We can utilized Simple Random Sampling Method for review. Reference Source 1) http://www.businessnewsthisweek.com/2009/11/top-20-quick moving-shopper products fmcg.html 2) Kumar Vishal And Das Gopal (2009)† Impact Of Sales Promotion On Buyer Behavior-An Empirical investigation Of Indian Retail Customers â€Å" diary of the executives vol.3 no.1 pp11-24 3) Indian diary of advertising nov. 2012 vol 4 pp30-3

Principles and Concepts of Accounting Essay - 2475 Words

Principles and Concepts of Accounting (Essay Sample) Content: Principles and Concepts of AccountingNduati CathreenUniversity of Nairobi Introduction The major accounting principles that guide accounting practices are endorsed on the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This is international guidelines that all the companies and organizations are expected to apply in their operations. These principles are further classified into assumption and constraints. The assumption principles include business entity, going concern, monetary unit and time period assumption principles (Hendrick, 2011). Other accounting principles listed in the GAAP include historical cost, revenue recognition principle, and matching, and full disclose principles. On the other hand, constraints are also divided into objectivity principle, materiality principle, consistency principle, and conservatism principle (Weygandt J., 2012). Disney Company adhered to these concepts while preparing its financial reports to present fair information to the user s is recommended in the International Financial Reporting Standards. This research work dwells on the analysis of the various principles and constraints with regards to Walt Disney Company.Accounting Period Concept Accounting period concept requires that all transactions must be of regular period or interval upon which the accounting records are to be assessed. Usually the intervals range between quarterly, semi-annually and annually reporting periods. An accounting period lasting twelve months is normally referred to as an accounting fiscal year (Shaub, 2011). When a fiscal year begins on 1st January and elapses on 31st December of the same year it becomes a Calendar Year. But when it begins on 1st April till 31st March the following year it becomes a Financial Year. The same applies to other fiscal year that passes to the following year. The transactions are to be recorded in the book of accounts for that particular period of time. For example, goods that were purchased and sold in that accounting period have to be accounted for at the end of the same period. Walt Disney Company has divided its accounting period into quarters. In its recent reports the four quarter periods ends on 28th December, 29th March, 28th June and 27th September respectively. The quarterly reports are then summarized and the annual report is given for the overall financial year. The fiscal quarters are used for financial reconciliations on Disneys transactions during the fiscal year. Walt Disney Cos fiscal year normally ends on September 30th after a period of 52 weeks. Accounting period concept forms the foundation of the matching principle, recognition principle and the annual reporting practices. Depreciation expenses are thus spread over the life of an asset according to the recognized accounting period stipulated. Accounting periods are thus used to determine the useful life of an asset over its operating period. Accounting period concept helps in tax calculation by directly sh owing the year of income of which the company is to be assessed for tax purposes (Shaub, 2011). It also helps in the prediction of going concern of the firm. It helps various firms with the distribution of income at specific intervals e.g. dividends distribution. This concept also dictates that continuity principle is divided into different parts know as accounting period which could be even 3 months, one year.Conservatism Concept Conservatism concept is the accounting concept which requires verifiability for the treatment and recognition of the business uncertainties. It deals with taxation as well as accounting regulations (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2013). The concept provides an accountant with an alternative that will ensure that the selected concept will give less income and less asset value amounts. Accountants rely on this concept because it helps them in breaking a tie. Accountants are expected to practice professionalism in that they should be unbiased or being subjective i n their practice. It allows accountant to report and fully disclose potential losses. For example, Disney Company tests its intangible assets like goodwill for impairment annually and on interim basis if need be. This is to help in recognizing losses that may result from this impairment on the fair value of intangible assets. The accountant uses discounted cash flow valuation techniques in determining the fair value. An accountant also uses appraisal values where appropriate so as to get the fair market value of long-term intangible assets. During uncertainty, accountants will least likely to: overstate assets and income as well as not to disclose potential gain but instead disclose potential losses (Weygandt J., 2012). However, conservatism does not imply that various income and assets to be understated as this will bring conflict with other accounting practices. This will in turn give a false financial position of the firm. For example, if income is understated in the current acco unting period, expenses will also be overstated in the current period thus earning in the coming years will be overstated too as expenses in the future will be understated (Z.Weiss, East, Hartley, Damon, Carol, 2008). Some of the conservatism practices include: use of LIFO when inflation is high, use of accelerated depreciation method for plant assets, recognition of bad debts.The Realization Concept Realization concept states that revenue is to be measured and recorded in the book of accounts like journals and ledgers only when it is realizable by the reporting entity. The concept dictates that revenue is to be realized when goods are delivered to prospect buyers as per the contract of sale. Realization helps with the appropriate recording of sales and expense transaction as it allows these transactions to be recorded when goods are delivered or when expenses are incurred (Z.Weiss, East, Hartley, Damon, Carol, 2008). However, in rendering of services, recognition of revenue is wh en the service is completed as specified in that contract of service. According to Disney Company affiliate revenues are postponed until commitments for its earning programming are met. The commitments are satisfied by the second half of Disneys financial year. This results in high revenues during that accounting period. Disney recognizes its international sales revenue at the time they made a sale of books abroad to English Language Center that is in China. A further example of this principle is about advance payment that Disney may get from its customers. For instance, Disney gets an advance order against 30% down payment on order price from a specific customer. The customer promises the dealer that the other 70% payment is due after thirty days from delivery date (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2013). The inventories are delivered to the customer only on the 30% price payment and he pays the remaining 70% as per the contract. Realization principle therefore will allow Disney to recogn ize revenue only when the 30% price is submitted but until the inventories are delivered to the customers.Matching PrincipleMatching principle refers to basic underlying guidelines on accounting practice. This principle demands that a company reports its expense in the income statement during the same accounting period when the revenues associated were earned in that same Calendar period. In matching principle concept revenue must be realized first, then locating it to relevant accounting periods (Juan, 2007). Matching principle has different importance in the financial reporting. For instance, it helps in determining how expenses are to be matched for exact determination of profits and losses in different accounting periods. It also assists investors in knowing the realistic business performance.An illustration of the matching principleAssume that Walt Disney Company sales are made through sales representatives who earn 10% commission. These commissions for each months sales are p aid to the sales representatives on the 10th day of the following month. If the company has $6000000 of sales in November, the company pays commissions of $600000 on December 10th. Matching principle requires that $600000 of commission be reported as expense on the November income statement along with the related November sales of $6000000. This is to be carried out through an adjusting entry on November 30th that debits Commission Expense and credits Commissions Payable for $600, 000. Matching principle is associated with HYPERLINK "/blog/acrrual-basis-accounting" \o "What is the accrual basis of accounting?"accrual method of accountingand adjusting of accounting entries. Without the principle, the company may report the $600 000 of expense in December when paid instead of reporting it in November when the expense and liability are incurred. Disney Company limited applies this principle in its consolidated income statements when yearly expense and cost are deducted from the yea rly revenues achieved to arrive at net income. For example, cost and expenses amounting to $35591 million in 2013 are deducted from $45041 million of revenue of the same year to help in arriving at the net income figure of $6636 million for the year. Yearly taxes are also deducted from the yearly income before income taxes of the same accounting period. Cost of goods sold for a manufacturing entity, like the Toyota limited company,is another example where HYPERLINK "/blog/what-is-an-expense" \o "What is an expense?"expensesare matched with sales on goods by a cause - effect relationship. However, all costs and expenses do not have this cause- and- effect relationship to revenues. Therefore, matching principle requires systematic allocationon costs to accounting period which the costs are used up. For instance, if a company bought an elaborate office supplies ... Principles and Concepts of Accounting Essay - 2475 Words Principles and Concepts of Accounting (Essay Sample) Content: Principles and Concepts of AccountingNduati CathreenUniversity of Nairobi Introduction The major accounting principles that guide accounting practices are endorsed on the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This is international guidelines that all the companies and organizations are expected to apply in their operations. These principles are further classified into assumption and constraints. The assumption principles include business entity, going concern, monetary unit and time period assumption principles (Hendrick, 2011). Other accounting principles listed in the GAAP include historical cost, revenue recognition principle, and matching, and full disclose principles. On the other hand, constraints are also divided into objectivity principle, materiality principle, consistency principle, and conservatism principle (Weygandt J., 2012). Disney Company adhered to these concepts while preparing its financial reports to present fair information to the user s is recommended in the International Financial Reporting Standards. This research work dwells on the analysis of the various principles and constraints with regards to Walt Disney Company.Accounting Period Concept Accounting period concept requires that all transactions must be of regular period or interval upon which the accounting records are to be assessed. Usually the intervals range between quarterly, semi-annually and annually reporting periods. An accounting period lasting twelve months is normally referred to as an accounting fiscal year (Shaub, 2011). When a fiscal year begins on 1st January and elapses on 31st December of the same year it becomes a Calendar Year. But when it begins on 1st April till 31st March the following year it becomes a Financial Year. The same applies to other fiscal year that passes to the following year. The transactions are to be recorded in the book of accounts for that particular period of time. For example, goods that were purchased and sold in that accounting period have to be accounted for at the end of the same period. Walt Disney Company has divided its accounting period into quarters. In its recent reports the four quarter periods ends on 28th December, 29th March, 28th June and 27th September respectively. The quarterly reports are then summarized and the annual report is given for the overall financial year. The fiscal quarters are used for financial reconciliations on Disneys transactions during the fiscal year. Walt Disney Cos fiscal year normally ends on September 30th after a period of 52 weeks. Accounting period concept forms the foundation of the matching principle, recognition principle and the annual reporting practices. Depreciation expenses are thus spread over the life of an asset according to the recognized accounting period stipulated. Accounting periods are thus used to determine the useful life of an asset over its operating period. Accounting period concept helps in tax calculation by directly sh owing the year of income of which the company is to be assessed for tax purposes (Shaub, 2011). It also helps in the prediction of going concern of the firm. It helps various firms with the distribution of income at specific intervals e.g. dividends distribution. This concept also dictates that continuity principle is divided into different parts know as accounting period which could be even 3 months, one year.Conservatism Concept Conservatism concept is the accounting concept which requires verifiability for the treatment and recognition of the business uncertainties. It deals with taxation as well as accounting regulations (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2013). The concept provides an accountant with an alternative that will ensure that the selected concept will give less income and less asset value amounts. Accountants rely on this concept because it helps them in breaking a tie. Accountants are expected to practice professionalism in that they should be unbiased or being subjective i n their practice. It allows accountant to report and fully disclose potential losses. For example, Disney Company tests its intangible assets like goodwill for impairment annually and on interim basis if need be. This is to help in recognizing losses that may result from this impairment on the fair value of intangible assets. The accountant uses discounted cash flow valuation techniques in determining the fair value. An accountant also uses appraisal values where appropriate so as to get the fair market value of long-term intangible assets. During uncertainty, accountants will least likely to: overstate assets and income as well as not to disclose potential gain but instead disclose potential losses (Weygandt J., 2012). However, conservatism does not imply that various income and assets to be understated as this will bring conflict with other accounting practices. This will in turn give a false financial position of the firm. For example, if income is understated in the current acco unting period, expenses will also be overstated in the current period thus earning in the coming years will be overstated too as expenses in the future will be understated (Z.Weiss, East, Hartley, Damon, Carol, 2008). Some of the conservatism practices include: use of LIFO when inflation is high, use of accelerated depreciation method for plant assets, recognition of bad debts.The Realization Concept Realization concept states that revenue is to be measured and recorded in the book of accounts like journals and ledgers only when it is realizable by the reporting entity. The concept dictates that revenue is to be realized when goods are delivered to prospect buyers as per the contract of sale. Realization helps with the appropriate recording of sales and expense transaction as it allows these transactions to be recorded when goods are delivered or when expenses are incurred (Z.Weiss, East, Hartley, Damon, Carol, 2008). However, in rendering of services, recognition of revenue is wh en the service is completed as specified in that contract of service. According to Disney Company affiliate revenues are postponed until commitments for its earning programming are met. The commitments are satisfied by the second half of Disneys financial year. This results in high revenues during that accounting period. Disney recognizes its international sales revenue at the time they made a sale of books abroad to English Language Center that is in China. A further example of this principle is about advance payment that Disney may get from its customers. For instance, Disney gets an advance order against 30% down payment on order price from a specific customer. The customer promises the dealer that the other 70% payment is due after thirty days from delivery date (Weygandt, Kimmel, Kieso, 2013). The inventories are delivered to the customer only on the 30% price payment and he pays the remaining 70% as per the contract. Realization principle therefore will allow Disney to recogn ize revenue only when the 30% price is submitted but until the inventories are delivered to the customers.Matching PrincipleMatching principle refers to basic underlying guidelines on accounting practice. This principle demands that a company reports its expense in the income statement during the same accounting period when the revenues associated were earned in that same Calendar period. In matching principle concept revenue must be realized first, then locating it to relevant accounting periods (Juan, 2007). Matching principle has different importance in the financial reporting. For instance, it helps in determining how expenses are to be matched for exact determination of profits and losses in different accounting periods. It also assists investors in knowing the realistic business performance.An illustration of the matching principleAssume that Walt Disney Company sales are made through sales representatives who earn 10% commission. These commissions for each months sales are p aid to the sales representatives on the 10th day of the following month. If the company has $6000000 of sales in November, the company pays commissions of $600000 on December 10th. Matching principle requires that $600000 of commission be reported as expense on the November income statement along with the related November sales of $6000000. This is to be carried out through an adjusting entry on November 30th that debits Commission Expense and credits Commissions Payable for $600, 000. Matching principle is associated with HYPERLINK "/blog/acrrual-basis-accounting" \o "What is the accrual basis of accounting?"accrual method of accountingand adjusting of accounting entries. Without the principle, the company may report the $600 000 of expense in December when paid instead of reporting it in November when the expense and liability are incurred. Disney Company limited applies this principle in its consolidated income statements when yearly expense and cost are deducted from the yea rly revenues achieved to arrive at net income. For example, cost and expenses amounting to $35591 million in 2013 are deducted from $45041 million of revenue of the same year to help in arriving at the net income figure of $6636 million for the year. Yearly taxes are also deducted from the yearly income before income taxes of the same accounting period. Cost of goods sold for a manufacturing entity, like the Toyota limited company,is another example where HYPERLINK "/blog/what-is-an-expense" \o "What is an expense?"expensesare matched with sales on goods by a cause - effect relationship. However, all costs and expenses do not have this cause- and- effect relationship to revenues. Therefore, matching principle requires systematic allocationon costs to accounting period which the costs are used up. For instance, if a company bought an elaborate office supplies ...

Smoking Persuasive Speech - 811 Words

Have you ever choked on someone’s second hand smoke? Well I have. In the world there are fifteen billion cigarettes sold a day. That is ten million sold every minute! In this, I will be telling you about how smoking is bad for you, bad for the environment, and ways smoking in public can be stopped. Smoking should be banned! First of all, as almost everyone knows, smoking is bad for people. When people smoke their chances of having a heart attack go up immediately. Also the chances of getting cancer go up as well. This is because the tar in cigarette smoke contains carcinogens which help develop cancer cells in your body. Yet there is still more to come. Another thing that happens to the body when smoking is a lack of oxygen that†¦show more content†¦This can be stopped by doing things like having more physical activity in our lives. When people are being physically active it lowers the urge to smoke, says â€Å"https://smokefree.gov/challenges-when-quittin g/cravings-triggers/fight-cravings-exercise†. So being more active can pull people further and further from smoking. Another thing people can do is simply make a law against smoking in public. Now clearly people are definitely going to be against this because then the tobacco sales would go down, but if we want an effective way to stop this, if you think about the way it will positively impact the air and environment around us, it may be the best way to go. Now, people are probably thinking, â€Å" Well why don’t just use the over the counter products that are on television?† The reason I am not using these is because the amount of side effects and symptoms from these is outrageous. So if people are against the past suggestions, another is that they could is try for a period of time to stop smoking all together and see the benefits of the other side. A great example of these challenges is Morgan Spurlock, he sets thirty day challenges and sees if he is able t o complete them. I recommend this to people because it is probably the best way to stop smoking. * Now other people who disagree with these reasons will probably say that people don’t have enough time to get enough exercise to completely pull them away from smoking. They’re wrong,Show MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech On Smoking1591 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Smoking is the most preventable leading cause of death in the United States and causes many health risk such as lung cancer, and heart and blood vessel complication. My main purpose of this persuasive speech is to convince people that smoking is harmful for themselves, the people around them and their wallets. In 2015 and estimated of 36.5 million people were current smoker (Jamal, A., King, B. A., Neff, L. J., Whitmill, J., Babb, S. D., Graffunder, C. M., 2016). In addition smoking doesn’tRead MoreSmoking Persuasive Speech780 Words   |  4 Pageshealth wasn’t getting better. e. Thesis: Through my speech, I want to persuade you to not smoke. It is important as it could harm our body and our world f. Preview of Main Points: First I will talk about what the problem with smoking, next, the causes of smoking and lastly the solution and what we can do. Transition to 1st Main Point: Now, I will be talking the problem with smoking II. Main Point 1: The problem with smoking is that it harms people’s health a. Sub-point A: CDCRead MorePersuasive Speech Smoking859 Words   |  4 PagesSmoking Kills General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience to write their senator and urge him/her to increase anti-smoking campaign funds. Central Idea: Smoking is injurious to human health, hence, stricter/inclusive clean indoor air policy should be adequately enforced. Introduction: How many of you have seen your parent’s or grandparent’s lifespan getting cut short because of bad choices as a result of addiction to smoking? You are not alone.I hadRead MorePersuasive Speech: Dangers of Smoking Essay629 Words   |  3 Pages      Persuasive Speech Dangers of Smoking Specific Purpose: To inform the audience of the dangers of smoking and persuade them not to.   Ã‚   Introduction: 1. Did you know that smoking is the number one preventable cause of death in the United States? 2. According to cancer.org there is 440,000 deaths a year caused by tobacco. 3. On average every smoker costs their employer almost 2,000 dollars a year in lost labor.    By the end of the speech, the audience will be informedRead MorePersuasive Speech to Stop Smoking734 Words   |  3 PagesHello my name is ---------and here to persuade you to stop smoking. Smoking is not only bad for health it is also as bad for the people around you. Breathing other peoples smoke is called passive, involuntary or secondhand smoking. The non-smoker breathes side stream smoke from the burning tip of the cigarette and mainstream smoke that has been inhaled and then exhaled by the smoker. Secondhand smoke is a major source of indoor air pollution. How does this affect the passiveRead MorePersuasive Speech About Smoking1065 Words   |  5 PagesYou’ve probably heard that the American Heart Association has declared sitting as the new smoking. Chances are, your first thought when you heard this was something like â€Å"whatever†¦just one more thing that’s bad for me†. But, If sitting is the new smoking, then I could be in trouble and I bet most of you could be too. Many of us have jobs where we sit all day. The only moving around we do is to walk to the bathroom, walk to our car, or walk to someone’s office. And when we get to those destinationsRead MorePersuasive Speech About Global Warming922 Words   |  4 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE General Purpose: To persuade Specific purpose: After listening to my speech, my audience will know how they can change their lives for a bigger challenge – to save the world. Thesis: Knowing what a problem nowadays is global warming, how CO2 gas affects it and how can we change it. Title: Lifestyle to make some changes INTRODUCTION I. Attention Material: Question â€Å"DoRead MorePersuasive Speech Outline1028 Words   |  5 PagesPERSUASIVE SPEECH OUTLINE TOPIC: WHY YOU SHOULD GIVE UP SMOKING PROPOSITION: Give up smoking and you will save yourself and the others around you and live in a healthy environment. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES/PURPOSES: I want to persuade my audience on how harmful smoking does to the body and giving up the habit is the right way to do because it will literally save their lives and the people around them and the environment as well. SPEECH PLAN ATTENTION STEP: Opening statement: Smoking†¦Read MoreRhetorical Analysis Of The Speech Why We Need End The War On Drugs 1433 Words   |  6 PagesRhetorical Analysis of TEDTalk In the speech â€Å"Why We Need to End the War on Drugs† given by Ethan Nadelmann, a drug policy reformist, Nadelmann gives a compelling and persuasive argument on how and why we should end the war on drugs. Nadelmann describes himself as the oldest son of a rabbi and a human rights activist who works to end the drug war. He urges that the drug war is very dynamic and what the United States is doing in relation to stop it is not effective. This helps launch into what heRead MoreRoutes to Persuasion Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pagesthat areidentical to the audience she/he will be perceived as smart. Also, to project animage of expertise it is necessary to speak confidently and withouthesitating. Trustworthiness of the communicator is assumed if direct eye contact is used and speech is rapid. If the speaker is seen as not trying toinfluence or is arguing a position that is against their personal interest theywill be considered trustworthy. An attractive communicator has certain qualities, like physical appeal and similarity

Essay about Loaded Gun Symbolism Depicted in Emily...

In the beginning of Emily Dickinson’s poem â€Å"754,† the narrator immediately compares her life to a weapon, â€Å"My Life had stood -- a Loaded Gun --† (754). Usually, when one thinks of a gun, he or she might think of death instead of love. In most cases, when a person owns or has a possession of a gun, that person might use the gun for protection. A gun is an inanimate object that has the potential or power to take the life of a human. From analyzing the poem â€Å"754,† the narrator symbolizes a loaded gun, full of potential, full of power, waiting to be in the possession of its owner for protection just as a bride waits to be wedded by her husband. The owner, assumed to be male, claims the narrator, assumed to be female, in the first stanza†¦show more content†¦Notice how Dickinson uses the repetition of the pronoun we. In the second line of the second stanza, the owner can be further compared to a hunter. However, for the â€Å"We† to be significant the owner needs the narrator, just as a hunter needs his gun, and as a husband needs his wife. In association, all of the pairs previously mentioned all become one, specifically the owner and the narrator that represent the â€Å"We† in the first two lines of the second stanza. In the next two lines, there is an implication of the gun being used, which means the narrator is no longer in a potential state. The narrator is being the action for her owner, â€Å"And every time I speak for Him -- / The Mountains straight reply --† (754). The third and fourth lines of the second stanza entail that anytime the narrator speaks on the owner’s behal f, which corresponds to a gun firing, the echo effect of the noise bellowing through the mountains is the reply. Also, by the narrator speaking on his behalf, she, in relation to a bride or wife, is protecting and keeping the owner’s outlook by acting as his representative. Dickinson’s change in tense from the first stanza to the second is very significant. The first stanza is in past tense, but the second stanza is in present tense. By Dickinson changing the tense from past to present, the change

India And The United States Essay Example For Students

India And The United States Essay No two countries are similar. I witnessed this as soon as I exited the airplane and walked into the Indian airport. India and the United States are ten and a half hours apart from each other and are extremely different from each other. The climate, culture, and technology in India are very different from those in America. However, on my recent trip to India I realized that the two countries are similar in every day life and holidays that are sometimes overlooked because of the major differences. When I walked into my grandparents’ house, one of the first things I did was locate where the computer and Wi-Fi router were. Even at first glance it was apparent that the technology in India is not as modern as the technology in the United States. The Wi-Fi router was smaller than the one I have in America and the computer still had a slot to insert a floppy disk. At the time of this revelation, I assumed the outdated hardware was a result of my grandparents’ not using technology too often. But, it turned out that my cousin had the same type of technology. The look of the technology matched its performance because I could immediately tell that the Internet connection in India is much slower than the connection in America. In the States the download speed of the Internet is 82.33 Mb/s whereas the download speed in India is a mere .7Mb/s. The Internet speed in America is one hundred times faster than the speed that was available in India. I have seen people use smartphon es in almost every place that I have been to. This is no different in India; the smartphones that people use over there are Androids, Sony, Xperia, Intex, Nubia, and Micromax. In America, the majority of people use Apple or Android smartphones. In India, people use many variations for a phone where as in the states, just a few brands rule the smartphone market. The most concerning find for me was the way homes were kept cool. Despite the scorching temperatures in India, the majority of the people use fans and not air conditioners. In America, almost every building is equipped with an air conditioner and the temperature does not ever reach as high as it does in India. The differences are not just between metal and plastic, but are also within the people. During my time in India I felt as if I lived in another dimension. The Indian culture is extremely different from the American culture. Despite the temperature reaching one hundred degrees Fahrenheit almost every day in India, there is a dress code implied by society for men to wear pants. I noticed this when I saw people take quick glances at me at the movie theater. I was not sure what I was doing to catch their attention and I had thought I was blending in with everyone else pretty well. It turned out that everyone else in the theater were wearing pants and I was the only one who was wearing shorts. In America, if the temperature reaches seventy degrees Fahrenheit, everybody starts to show off their legs by wearing shorts. But in India it is strange for a man to wear shorts and it is seen as loungewear that should not be worn in public. In another example, when I am walking around with my hands in my pockets it is not out of the ordinary in America. But, in India it would be strange, because other people do not see that as normal and I felt as if I were being judged when I did so. What is a normal thing to do in the US was an odd thing to do in India. Nevertheless, I discovered that the two countries are similar in the routine of every day life. .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 , .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .postImageUrl , .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 , .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8:hover , .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8:visited , .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8:active { border:0!important; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8:active , .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8 .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c059d426f15976806be271015ab63f8:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henn An Ancient Art That Comes From The Middle East EssayMy cousin wakes up at six o’ clock in the morning and then goes to school. His father wakes up a little earlier and gets ready for work, and his mother is a housewife so she makes sure everyone is ready for the day. At the end of the day, he returns from his after-school activities of tutoring and playing volleyball, the father returns from a long hard day of work, and the mother makes sure my cousin does his homework while she prepares dinner. The same routine occurs here in America. For example, my friend Tony and his parents wake up at around six o’ clock, his father and mother work so they all leave the house at about the same time. Tony’s mother comes home first after work at four o’ clock in the afternoon, his father usually follows after, and then Tony comes home after his basketball practice is over at around six o’ clock. Then, his mother prepares dinner and afterwards they sleep to start the routine over again. Both families have a similar every day life despite being on different continents. The holidays in India are also similar to those of America. Thanksgiving is one of the main holidays celebrated in America. It is when family and friends join together and have a big meal to remember the colonists and natives and to also spend time with each other. Christmas is a Christian holiday, but in a dominant Christian country it does have a major impact. Christmas is another holiday when families come together. There is a holiday called Diwali in India and it celebrates similarly to Thanksgiving and Christmas. It celebrates the day when Rama saved his wife Sita who was kidnapped, but he was able to return home from the forest because the people lit lamps to guide them; this is why Diwali is also called the festival of lights. In my experience, during Diwali we light up all of the lamps in our house and turn on as many lights as possible because the brighter the house the more chance there is for god to bless the house. All of our family is gathered at our house and we celebra te by praying, sharing gifts, eating many different foods, and spending time with each other. Both Indian and American holidays are similar in the gathering of families. Through my experience I found that America and India have many differences that are shown through culture and technology. From using the slowest Internet connection on earth, to wearing pants all summer, despite the scorching temperatures, there are many differences. However, I found that the two countries are similar to each other in the everyday routine of life and holidays. Celebrating an American holiday like Thanksgiving and celebrating an Indian holiday like Diwali are almost the same, except that there’s a turkey involved in one of them.